Comparative end-to-end evaluation of research organizations

Comparative end-to-end research evaluations of large research entities like countries, agencies or institutions need to separate out the bibliometric part of the chain from the econometric part. Both size-dependent and size-independent terms play a crucial role to combine quantity and quality (impact) in a meaningful way. Output or outcome at the bibliometric level can be measured using zeroth, first or second-order composite indicators, and the productivity or efficiency terms follow accordingly using the input to output or outcome factors.